Ryotwari system: The Ryotwari system refers to a

The Ryotwari system refers to a system of land revenue instituted in late 18th century by Sir Thomas Munro, who was the Governor of Madras in 1820. This was practised mostly in Madras and Bombay areas as well as Assam and Coorg provinces. The other two systems were the Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793 and the Ryotwari system in 1820. It covered the states of Punjab, Awadh and Agra, parts of Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh. The main feature of the Ryotwari System is that in this System there was no intermediary between the King and the cultivators as in the zamindari System. The peasants were recognised as the owner of the land. Ryotwari was a system of direct taxation on cultivators introduced by Thomas Munro in Madras and Bombay presidencies. It contrasted with zamindari, where taxes were collected through intermediaries, and gave peasants more freedom and security.