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The pericardium layers can be classified into the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium , each with unique anatomical characteristics and functions. The fibrous pericardium is the outermost layer. Learn about the pericardium , a protective, fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and its great blood vessels. Find out its layers, functions, embryological relations, and clinical significance. The pericardium is a fibrous sac that encloses the heart and great vessels. It keeps the heart in a stable location in the mediastinum, facilitates its movements, and separates it from the lungs and other mediastinal structures. It also supports physiological cardiac function.[1][2][3] The pericardium is a double-layered sac that surrounds the heart externally. It is a double-walled sac-like structure; hence, it is also called the pericardial sac.
