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Some of the major Mesopotamian civilizations include the Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian civilizations. Evidence shows extensive use of technology, literature, legal codes, philosophy, religion, and architecture in these societies. Mesopotamia was an ancient region situated in southwestern Asia, between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River. Geographically, the region was mainly found in present-day Iraq and Syria. Ancient Mesopotamia is widely regarded as the place where the early ancient civilizations and cities sprang up. The double river system is believed to have created a favorable environment (i.e. conducive climatic and geographical conditions), which allowed the early settlers to thrive and grow. over time ... Learn about the first urban civilization in world history, its geography, language, writing, and political development. Explore maps, timelines, and articles on Mesopotamian culture and society. It was home to some of the world’s earliest cities, governments, writing systems, and empires. Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now modern-day Iraq, Mesopotamia gave rise to powerful cultures like the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.