The back provides the central support for the body and protects the spinal cord. This section introduces the structure and function of the vertebral column, paraspinal muscles and associated ligaments, establishing the framework for understanding posture and movement. The back (or dorsal trunk) refers to the region on the posterior surface of the trunk which extends from the inferior border of the neck to the gluteal region. The upper back corresponds to the posterior thoracic wall, while the lower back refers to the lumbar region, posterior to the abdominal cavity. The layers of the back comprise the skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial (extrinsic) and deep (intrinsic) back muscles , the posterior portion of the ribs, and the vertebral column housing ... Learn about the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the back , their attachments, innervation and actions. The extrinsic muscles are immigrant muscles of the upper limb that lie superficially on the back , while the intrinsic muscles are true back muscles that lie deep to the thoracolumbar fascia.
