Learn about the cell wall , a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found outside the cell membrane. Discover its composition, properties, roles and how it varies across different organisms and cell types. Cell wall, specialized form of extracellular matrix that surrounds every cell of a plant . The cell wall distinguishes plant cells from animal cells and provides physical support and protection. The cell wall is the outermost protective layer of the cell in plant cells, bacteria, fungal cells, and protists. In plants, cell walls are multi-layered (primary, secondary, middle lamella) and dynamic in growth and remodeling. The concept of the cell wall was first recognized in 1665 by Robert Hooke. The absence of a cell wall in animals enables greater cellular flexibility and varied cell shapes.
